Preference For The Primitive, The: Episodes In The History Of

Description:
This is a documentary study of a recurring phenomenon in the history of changing taste in the visual arts, namely the feeling that older and less sophisticated or 'primitive' works are somehow morally and aesthetically superior to later works that have become refined, soft and decadent. Gombrich traces the existence of such feelings right back to classical antiquity, and links them with a crucial psychological observation made by Cicero to the effect that over-indulgence of the senses leads to a feeling of disgust. He also demonstrates the importance of the profoundly influential metaphor, first articulated in antiquity and taken over by Vasari, that compares the history of art to the growth of an organism: like a living organism, art is born and grown to maturity (and therefore perfection), then decays and finally dies. Successive generations of artists and critics, believing the art of their own time to be past maturity, have interpreted the smooth refinement and sensual appeal of contemporary works as symptoms of decline and corruption, and have come to admire earlier works, despite their 'immaturity', as possessing superior qualities of sincerity, innocence and rugged strength. With the advent of modernism at the turn of the 20th century this admiration took a radically regressive new twist as artists turned their backs on tradition altogether and found inspiration in the art of exotic cultures and in the works of children and the insane. This book presents a closely argued narrative that documents the role of authors, critics and artists in shaping and changing opinion. After reviewing the classical authors whose writings largely set the terms of the debate, Gombrich then charts its progress from its revival in the 18th century, documenting the often subtle shifts of taste and judgement that frequently focus on the pivotal role of Raphael as a touchstone in the history of taste. In the final chapters he turns to the revolutinary primitivism of the 20th century, to much of which he has himself been an eyewitness.

Table of Contents:
Preface; 1 Plato's Preferences; Interlude: Progress or Decline? 2 The Ascendancy of the Sublime; 3 The Pre-Raphaelite Ideal; 4 The Quest for Spirituality; 5 The Emancipation of Formal Values; Interlude: New Worlds and New Myths; 6 The Twentieth Century; Interlude: The Lure of Regression; 7 Primitive - In What Sense? Postscript: The Study of Antiquities Notes; Index

Author Biography:
Born in Vienna in 1909, Professor Sir Ernst Gombrich, OM, CBE, was one of the greatest of a remarkable generation of art historians. Joining the staff of the Warburg Institute in London in 1936, he became its director from 1959 to 1976. He was the author of The Story of Art, Art and Illusion, The Sense of Order and 11 volumes of collected essays and reviews, all published by Phaidon. Sadly, Professor Gombrich died in November 2001, having already completed the writing and revision of the text, and having made the final selection of illustrations. It has therefore been possible to proceed with the final stages of making the book fully in accord with the author's wishes, and it is now being published as a fitting tribute to one of the greatest scholars of all time.